How worried should we be about PFAS, the 'forever chemicals'?

New research on "forever chemicals" called PFAS has added to growing concerns about their potential effects on human Health.

PFAS, or perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are chemicals used in many household products. We've known for years that they can enter our bodies through the food and water we consume. But recently, scientists showed for the first time that some PFAS can be absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream.

Previously, skin was thought to act as a barrier against PFAS, which have been tied to a range of concerning Health effects. Many everyday items our skin touches, including makeup and fabrics, can contain these chemicals.

So, what do we know about the effects of PFAS on our health?

Related: PFAS 'forever chemicals' to officially be removed from food packaging, FDA says

How do PFAS get in the body?

PFAS are human-made chemicals that have been used since the 1940s and are still found in many products, including nonstick cookware, waterproof clothing, cosmetics and dental floss. They are largely prized for being nonstick; repellent to water, oils and stains; and flame retardant. They are sometimes added to products to improve their texture or shine.

Current estimates suggest that nearly 15,000 different PFAS have been invented, and more continue to be developed.